Thermodynamic Computing Advances with Design and Training
Modern computing requires energy: a single Google search, for example, consumes enough energy to power a six-watt LED for three minutes. This is partly because computers must contend with thermal noise — that is, the vibration of charge carriers, mostly electrons, within electronically conductive materials. In classical computers, even the smallest devices, such as transistors and gates, operate at energy scales thousands of times larger than that of this vibration. This difference in scale between signal and noise enables the consistent output that makes computation possible, but it comes at an energy cost: classical computers require large amounts of power to work reliably and operate far above the threshold of thermodynamic efficiency.
Both classical and quantum computing seek to eliminate or tamp down thermal noise. But thermodynamic computing, a branch of unconventional computing, inverts the paradigms of both and uses those same fluctuations as its power source. This drastically reduces the amount of external energy required to perform computations and allows for operation at room temperature, unlike many quantum computers. In this way, thermodynamic computing is an exciting example of Beyond-Moore’s-Law microelectronics and low-power, energy-aware computing.
“Thermodynamic computing is noise-powered,” said Molecular Foundry staff scientist Stephen Whitelam, an author on the paper. “The premise of thermodynamic computing is that if you take a physical device with an energy scale comparable to that of thermal energy and leave it alone, it will change state over time, driven by thermal fluctuations. The goal is to program it so that this time evolution does something useful. Classical and quantum computing fight noise; thermodynamic computing is powered by it.”
Both classical and quantum computing seek to eliminate or tamp down thermal noise. But thermodynamic computing, a branch of unconventional computing, inverts the paradigms of both and uses those same fluctuations as its power source. This drastically reduces the amount of external energy required to perform computations and allows for operation at room temperature, unlike many quantum computers. In this way, thermodynamic computing is an exciting example of Beyond-Moore’s-Law microelectronics and low-power, energy-aware computing.
“Thermodynamic computing is noise-powered,” said Molecular Foundry staff scientist Stephen Whitelam, an author on the paper. “The premise of thermodynamic computing is that if you take a physical device with an energy scale comparable to that of thermal energy and leave it alone, it will change state over time, driven by thermal fluctuations. The goal is to program it so that this time evolution does something useful. Classical and quantum computing fight noise; thermodynamic computing is powered by it.”
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